{"id":400,"date":"2017-03-12T07:47:38","date_gmt":"2017-03-12T07:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=400"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:48:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:48:56","slug":"e-health-hypes-and-hopes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2017\/03\/e-health-hypes-and-hopes\/","title":{"rendered":"E-zdrav\u00ed:vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1mky (m\u00fddlov\u00e1 bublina) nebo nad\u011bje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Rik Crutzen, Maastrichtsk\u00e1univerita, Nizozemsko<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed internet prakticky neust\u00e1le a pro celou \u0159adu aktivit: od n\u00e1kupu potravin po pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed vtipn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f s ko\u010dkami kamar\u00e1dovi na druh\u00e9m konci sv\u011bta.To v\u0161e je mo\u017en\u00e9.Internet se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v oblastizdrav\u00ed \u2013tento jev je \u010dasto ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako e-zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co je to e-zdrav\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pojmem <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2001\/2\/e20\/\">\u201ce-zdrav\u00ed\u201d<\/a>ozna\u010dujeme zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a informace zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9azkvalit\u0148ovan\u00e9 d\u00edky internetu a souvisej\u00edc\u00edm technologi\u00edm.V r\u00e1mci psychologie zdrav\u00ed c\u00edl\u00ed e-zdrav\u00ed na \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu chov\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem, nap\u0159. zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 aktivity nebo odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed.Na z\u00e1klad\u011b <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2013\/7\/e146\/\">p\u0159ehledu literatury<\/a>, kter\u00e1 je k dispozici od p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed,m\u016f\u017eeme vyvodit z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee intervence prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetu mohou b\u00fdt efektivn\u00ed.Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby byl v\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto intervenc\u00ed zalo\u017een na <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intervention_mapping\">dostupn\u00e9 teorii a v\u011bdeck\u00fdch d\u016fkazech<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdhodyinternetov\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed internetu a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch technologi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed a intervencemi \u201ctv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159\u201d mohou m\u00edt lid\u00e9 pocit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed anonymity. Anonymita m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd efekt u intervenc\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s chov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 by mohlo vyvolat stud (nap\u0159. pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondomu nebost\u0159\u00eddmost v\u00a0pit\u00ed alkoholu). P\u0159i intervenc\u00edch lze nav\u00edc vyu\u017e\u00edvat GPS satelitn\u00ed navigaci pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed ohledn\u011b mo\u017enost\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy, kter\u00e9 jsou specifick\u00e9 pro danou lokalitu, a tak okam\u017eit\u011b dostupn\u00e9.Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba pouk\u00e1zat na to, \u017ee oba uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pouh\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a nenazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee je tento zp\u016fsob v\u00fdhodn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny internetov\u00e9 intervence.Jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 jen v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy nedostatek anonymity nebo nedostupnost mo\u017enost\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 chovaj\u00ed nezdrav\u011b.Jin\u00fdmi slovy, vlastnosti m\u00e9dia a mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed, bychom m\u011bli vn\u00edmat jako n\u00e1stroj, ne jako kouzeln\u00fdproutek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdzkum u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnou v\u00fdhodou v\u0161ech intervenc\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetu je, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed anal\u00fdzu efektivity: nap\u0159\u00edklad mohou poskytnout podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o tom, kdy u\u017eivatel\u00e9 opustili webovou str\u00e1nku s\u00a0intervenc\u00ed nebo kdy se dostali do slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky.Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k\u00a0uzp\u016fsoben\u00ed intervenc\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m u\u017eivatele, a t\u00edm ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti jejich pozitivn\u00edch v\u00fdstup\u016f.Tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed informace o tom, jak intenzivn\u011b se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 intervenci v\u011bnuj\u00ed (nap\u0159. frekvence a doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed) a o co se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed (tj. t\u00e9ma).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Povaha intervenc\u00ed formou e-zdrav\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 se v\u00a0oboru psychologie zdrav\u00ed mohou velice hodit. Nelze je v\u0161ak pova\u017eovat za kouzeln\u00fd proutek. Zm\u011bna chov\u00e1n\u00ed je komplexn\u00ed proces a pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti \u00fasp\u011bchu intervenc\u00ed (a\u0165 u\u017e online nebo offline) bychom m\u011bli spol\u00e9hat na ve\u0161kerou dostupnou teorii a v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Doporu\u010den\u00ed pro praxi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>E-zdrav\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito jako n\u00e1stroj pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 systematicky vytv\u00e1\u0159et intervence zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 touto formou, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e9koliv jin\u00e9 typy intervenc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>Nepou\u017e\u00edvejte e-zdrav\u00ed jen tak pro nic za nic: charakter m\u00e9dia a mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed, by se m\u011bly vyu\u017e\u00edvat smyslupln\u011b; v\u017edy se zamyslete nad t\u00edm, pro\u010d chcete vyu\u017e\u00edt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00e9dium a\/nebo mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te e-zdrav\u00ed, zkoumejte u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. To v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee zjistit, jak je va\u0161e intervence vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na a z\u00e1rove\u0148, jak ji vylep\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eklad:\u00a0 Mgr. Ren\u00e1ta \u010cerm\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rik Crutzen, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Nowadays, people use the Internet all the time and for a wide range of activities: from buying groceries to showing a funny cat-picture to\u00a0a friend on the other side of the world. It is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,13],"tags":[11,12],"class_list":["post-400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-health","category-interventions","tag-e-health","tag-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=400"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4650,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/400\/revisions\/4650"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}