Dr Lee Shepherd, Northumbria University, UK and Professor Ronan E. O\u2019Carroll, University of Stirling,
\nUK and Professor Eamonn Ferguson, University of Nottingham, UK<\/p>\n
Existuje mnoho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o tom, jak transplantace org\u00e1n\u016f zesnul\u00fdch poskytla lidem novou nad\u011bji na
\n\u017eivot. Ka\u017ed\u00fd zesnul\u00fd d\u00e1rce org\u00e1n\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit \u017eivoty a\u017e dev\u00edti lid\u00ed. Org\u00e1n\u016f k transplantaci je v\u0161ak
\np\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo. Tento nedostatek m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek dlouh\u00e9 \u010dekac\u00ed listiny a lid\u00e9 um\u00edraj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e dostanou
\norg\u00e1n. Proto mus\u00edme pochopit, jak\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee n\u011bkdo po smrti daruje sv\u00e9
\norg\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy
\nZem\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se souhlasu s d\u00e1rcovstv\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016f.
\nRegistrace souhlasu \u2013 U tohoto souhlasu se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edm nastaven\u00ed
\nnepodporuj\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed podniknout kroky (nap\u0159\u00edklad se zaregistrovat), aby projevili svou
\nochotu darovat sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny k transplantaci po smrti.
\nRegistrace nesouhlasu \u2013 u souhlasu na z\u00e1klad\u011b registrace nesouhlasu mus\u00ed lid\u00e9 podniknout
\nkroky, aby projevili, \u017ee si nep\u0159ej\u00ed, aby jejich org\u00e1ny byly transplantov\u00e1ny po jejich smrti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se
\nmohou zaregistrovat jako ne-d\u00e1rci nebo sd\u011blit sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 syst\u00e9my registrace
\nnesouhlasu tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed registra\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m souhlasu, kde si lid\u00e9 mohou aktivn\u011b zaregistrovat sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny
\nk darov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo neprojevil sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed necht\u00edt b\u00fdt d\u00e1rcem, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za podporovatele
\ndarov\u00e1n\u00ed. V m\u011bkk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech registrace nesouhlasu jsou pak \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny dot\u00e1z\u00e1ni, zda souhlas\u00ed<\/p>\n
s transplantac\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f. V tvrd\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech registrace nesouhlasu m\u016f\u017ee transplantace prob\u00edhat i
\nbez souhlasu rodiny.
\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy, v\u010detn\u011b na\u0161eho vlastn\u00edho, zjistily, \u017ee po\u010det zem\u0159el\u00fdch d\u00e1rc\u016f je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v syst\u00e9mech
\nregistrace nesouhlasu ne\u017e registrace souhlasu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy toto tvrzen\u00ed nepotvrdily. V
\nsyst\u00e9mech se souhlasem registrace nesouhlasu st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed \u010dekac\u00ed listiny na org\u00e1ny. Krom\u011b toho je
\npo\u010det \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch d\u00e1rc\u016f v syst\u00e9mech registrace nesouhlasu tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v syst\u00e9mech registrace
\nsouhlasu. V syst\u00e9mech registrace nesouhlasu mohou m\u00edt lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pocit, \u017ee st\u00e1t kontroluje jejich
\norg\u00e1ny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se souhlasu registrace nesouhlasu samy o sob\u011b
\nprobl\u00e9m nedostatku org\u00e1n\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed.
\nRole rodiny
\nRodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci se \u010dasto ptaj\u00ed, zda lze org\u00e1ny zem\u0159el\u00e9ho transplantovat. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v
\nsyst\u00e9mech "registrace nesouhlasu". Registrovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9ho pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm
\nrozhodnout, zda transplantaci podpo\u0159it, \u010di nikoli. Pokud v\u0161ak zesnul\u00fd sv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed nezaregistroval, ani je
\ns rodinou neprojednal, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro rodinu velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se rozhodnout. Dokonce i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b
\nsouhlasu registrace nesouhlasu je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci schv\u00e1l\u00ed transplantaci,
\npokud se zem\u0159el\u00fd aktivn\u011b rozhodl, ne\u017e kdy\u017e sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed nezaregistroval. Povzbuzov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed, aby
\nrozhodnut\u00ed zaregistrovali, rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm objasn\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det
\npotenci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1rc\u016f.
\nFaktory p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed registraci
\nRozhodnut\u00ed o registraci ovliv\u0148uje \u0159ada faktor\u016f. Demografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed registraci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad
\nve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed, a v\u00edce
\npravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se odhl\u00e1s\u00ed, a hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu je l\u00e9pe pochopit, pro\u010d tomu tak je. Na
\nregistraci maj\u00ed vliv tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory. Efekt "vlka samot\u00e1\u0159e" toti\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se \u010dast\u011bji
\nodhla\u0161uj\u00ed, kdy\u017e vid\u00ed, \u017ee to d\u011blaj\u00ed ostatn\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho registraci p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 tak\u00e9 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed
\np\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f. Lid\u00e9 se s men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed zaregistruj\u00ed jako d\u00e1rci, pokud c\u00edt\u00ed
\nodpor p\u0159i pomy\u0161len\u00ed na d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed (faktor "znechucen\u00ed") a v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011blo by m\u011blo z\u016fstat cel\u00e9 (t\u011blesn\u00e1
\nintegrita). Tento v\u00fdzkum tak\u00e9 zjistil, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se \u010dast\u011bji registruj\u00ed jako d\u00e1rci, pokud pova\u017euj\u00ed d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed
\nza prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 (nap\u0159. d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed zachra\u0148uje \u017eivoty; vn\u00edman\u00e9 v\u00fdhody). N\u011bkdy existuje rozd\u00edl mezi
\nochotou lid\u00ed podniknout ur\u010ditou akci a jejich skute\u010dn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Lid\u00e9 se tak mohou cht\u00edt p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit,
\nale nepodniknout kroky k\u00a0samotn\u00e9 registraci. Rozv\u00edjen\u00ed pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch emoc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f
\nm\u016f\u017ee povzbudit lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ochotni darovat org\u00e1ny, aby podnikli kroky a zapsali se do registru
\nd\u00e1rc\u016f org\u00e1n\u016f.
\nKognitivn\u00ed p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1me lidem myslet o dan\u00e9m t\u00e9matu pozitivn\u011bji,
\nabychom zm\u011bnili jejich emoce. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studii jsme po\u017e\u00e1dali lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed nezaregistrovali sv\u00e9
\nrozhodnut\u00ed o d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f, aby se zapojili do kognitivn\u00edho p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee budou uva\u017eovat
\no v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed (nap\u0159. o tom, \u017ee d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed zachra\u0148uje \u017eivoty nebo p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed smysl smrti bl\u00edzk\u00e9
\nosoby). Zjistili jsme, \u017ee toto kognitivn\u00ed p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ilo ochotu lid\u00ed zaregistrovat se jako d\u00e1rci.
\nVy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ochota k registraci zv\u00fd\u0161ila pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b k\u00a0d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed.
\nPraktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed
\n\u25cf Legislativa\u2013 Existuj\u00ed sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o \u00fa\u010dinnosti zaveden\u00ed registrace nesouhlasu s
\ntransplantac\u00ed, kter\u00fd by zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det transplantac\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f. Zem\u011b s touto legislativou maj\u00ed st\u00e1le
\n\u010dekac\u00ed listiny na transplantaci org\u00e1n\u016f. Proto je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by regostrace
\nnesouhlasu sama o sob\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161ila nedostatek d\u00e1rc\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u25cf Registrace p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zesnul\u00e9ho za \u017eivota – rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci jsou ovlivn\u011bni registrovan\u00fdmi
\np\u0159\u00e1n\u00edmi zesnul\u00e9ho. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci jasn\u011b znali p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9ho.
\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, aby se lid\u00e9 registrovali jak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee si p\u0159ej\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u00e1rcem (tj.
\nregistrace souhlasu), tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee si p\u0159ej\u00ed d\u00e1rcem neb\u00fdt (tj. Registrace nesouhlasu). D\u00edky
\ntomu je p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zesnul\u00e9ho jasn\u00e9 rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou pot\u0159ebovat rozhodnout,
\nzda org\u00e1ny zesnul\u00e9ho mohou b\u00fdt transplantov\u00e1ny. To m\u016f\u017ee rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm pomoci
\np\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.
\n\u25cf Emoce\u2013 P\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, zda se zaregistrovat jako d\u00e1rce org\u00e1n\u016f, rozhoduj\u00ed emoce.
\nLid\u00e9 se s men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed zaregistruj\u00ed jako d\u00e1rci, pokud maj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f
\nnegativn\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 se \u010dast\u011bji registruj\u00ed, pokud maj\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed
\nemocion\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o d\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f. Povzbuzov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nezaregistrovali
\nrozhodnut\u00ed, aby zv\u00e1\u017eili v\u00fdhody d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it ochotu lid\u00ed zaregistrovat se
\njako d\u00e1rce org\u00e1n\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 budeme muset p\u0159ehodnotit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm o
\nd\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f diskutujeme. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed diskuse na v\u00fdhody d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f (nap\u0159.
\nd\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed zachra\u0148uje \u017eivoty, d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl smrti bl\u00edzk\u00e9 osoby) m\u016f\u017ee pomoci
\npovzbudit lidi, aby se zaregistrovali jako d\u00e1rci org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n
[p\u0159elo\u017eila Krist\u00fdna Anna \u010cern\u00edkov\u00e1]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
By Dr Lee Shepherd, Northumbria University, UK and Professor Ronan E. O\u2019Carroll, University of Stirling, UK and Professor Eamonn Ferguson, University of Nottingham, UK There are numerous stories of how deceased organ transplantation has offered a lifeline for people. Indeed, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3183"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4541,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3183\/revisions\/4541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}