{"id":3047,"date":"2023-12-11T09:44:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T09:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=3047"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:14:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:14:54","slug":"fancy-a-wee-walk-dyadic-behaviour-change-support-for-walking-after-stroke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2023\/12\/fancy-a-wee-walk-dyadic-behaviour-change-support-for-walking-after-stroke\/","title":{"rendered":"“Chce\u0161 se proj\u00edt?” – Dyadick\u00e1 podpora zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i ch\u016fzi po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici."},"content":{"rendered":"

Stephan Dombrowski, University of New Brunswick, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n

Odch\u00e1zen\u00ed od smrti<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u016fze je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm lidsk\u00fdm pohybem a je spojena s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f.<\/span> V\u00fdzkumy<\/span><\/a> nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee ti, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce chod\u00ed, maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00famrt\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 se alespo\u0148 na chv\u00edli vyhnout smrti pouhou ch\u016fz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u016fze a mrtvice\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u016fze jako forma fyzick\u00e9 aktivity je zejm\u00e9na vhodn\u00e1 pro jedince po mrtvici, kter\u00e1 je <\/span>hlavn\u00ed<\/span><\/a> p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou invalidity dosp\u011bl\u00fdch<\/span>. Pravideln\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 aktivita po mrtvici m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko op\u011btovn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu mrtvice, pomoci se zotaven\u00edm a zlep\u0161it celkov\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed a pohodu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00e9 po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici <\/span>tr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 75 % bd\u011bl\u00fdch hodin v sed\u011b<\/span><\/a>, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e jejich vrstevn\u00edci. P\u0159esto je ch\u016fze jednou z\u00a0nejl\u00e9pe\u00a0dosa\u017eiteln\u00fdch forem fyzick\u00e9 aktivity <\/span>– 95% osob m\u016f\u017ee chodit 11 t\u00fddnu po mrtvici.<\/span><\/a> Krom\u011b toho je ch\u016fze <\/span>obl\u00edbenou formou fyzick\u00e9 aktivity pro osoby po mrtvici<\/span><\/a>, pova\u017euj\u00ed ji za dostupnou, p\u0159\u00edjemnou a \u010dasto spole\u010denskou ud\u00e1lost. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, jak podpo\u0159it lidi po mrtvici, aby v\u00edce chodili?<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nebude\u0161 chodit s\u00e1m<\/b><\/p>\n

Akutn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edhoda, jako c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhoda, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopad na nemocn\u00e9ho a jeho soci\u00e1ln\u00ed okruh, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed partnery, rodinu a p\u0159\u00e1tele. V dob\u00e1ch nep\u0159\u00edzn\u011b osudu, jako jsou \u017eivotn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zdrav\u00edm, <\/span>se jednotlivci obvykle vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podporuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>, aby si pomohli vyrovnat se s\u00a0dopadem t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti a s procesem zotaven\u00ed. <\/span>V\u00fdzkumy<\/span><\/a> nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkovou p\u0159\u00edhodou, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b (znovu)zavedli fyzickou aktivitu, jako je ch\u016fze, m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161inou podporu partnera. Podporuj\u00edc\u00ed partne\u0159i \u010dasto zd\u00e1nliv\u011b intuitivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali \u201eselsk\u00fd\u201c rozum a efektivn\u00ed techniky, jako je <\/span>stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pokroku<\/span><\/a> a zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba, aby pomohli lidem po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici zapojit se do ch\u016fze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sd\u00edlen\u00fdch aktivit. <\/span>Kvalitativn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/span><\/a> uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f se partne\u0159i sna\u017e\u00ed obnovit ch\u016fzi, aby podpo\u0159ili \u00fa\u010dast na spole\u010dn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b pro\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159ed mozkovou mrtvic\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edstupy m\u016f\u017eeme popsat jako \u201edyadick\u00e9 intervence\u201c, kde dva lid\u00e9 (osoba po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici a \u010dlen rodiny) sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed k dosa\u017een\u00ed jednoho c\u00edle (zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ch\u016fze).<\/span> Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou je, zda m\u016f\u017eeme prov\u00e1d\u011bt dyadick\u00e9 intervence \u010dast\u011bji a systematicky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm intervence nebo slu\u017eby?<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed “toho, co funguje”<\/b><\/p>\n

Pro systematick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f dyadick\u00fdch proces\u016f k podpo\u0159e zm\u011bny byla vyvinuta dvan\u00e1ctit\u00fddenn\u00ed intevence nazvan\u00e1 “We Walk”, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ch\u016fze venku po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici. <\/span>We Walk byl pe\u010dliv\u011b vyvinut<\/span><\/a> na z\u00e1klad\u011b princip\u016f orientovan\u00fdch na osobu a psychologick\u00fdch teori\u00ed a propojil vy\u0161kolen\u00e9ho facilit\u00e1tora, “chod\u00edc\u00edho kamar\u00e1da” a osobu po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici, kte\u0159\u00ed se setk\u00e1vali osobn\u011b a tak\u00e9 vzd\u00e1len\u011b p\u0159es telefon, kde spole\u010dn\u011b prob\u00edrali strukturovan\u00e9 aktivity a techniky, jako je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, <\/span>stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/span><\/a> a <\/span>pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed akc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>Intervence<\/span><\/a> byla shled\u00e1na jako provediteln\u00e1. Byla p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 jak pro “chod\u00edc\u00edho kamar\u00e1da”, tak pro osobu po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje potenci\u00e1l dyadick\u00e9 intervence k podpo\u0159e zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak prob\u00edhaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy na zdokonalen\u00ed a otestov\u00e1n\u00ed intervence, jak\u00e9 jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z pou\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze z\u00edskat v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi?<\/span><\/p>\n

Dyadick\u00e9 intervence \u2013 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

Dyadick\u00e9 intervence p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed komplexnost, proto\u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na v\u00edce osob a obvykle vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0existuj\u00edc\u00edch vztah\u016f mezi nimi. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch vztah\u016f m\u00e1 mnoho v\u00fdhod, ale z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu vztahu, kter\u00fd mezi sebou maj\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed vztahov\u00e9 aspekty, jako je d\u016fv\u011bra, up\u0159\u00edmnost, respekt a komunika\u010dn\u00ed vzorce. Tyto prom\u011bnn\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto mimo kontrolu dyadick\u00e9 intervence. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci intervence We walk nap\u0159\u00edklad zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali tenkou hranici mezi povzbuzov\u00e1n\u00edm a nal\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 co\u017e lze ch\u00e1pat jako opakovan\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i absenci hmatateln\u00e9ho pokroku. A\u010dkoli nal\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <\/span>taxonomi\u00ed technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>, a nebylo zahrnuto jako technika do We walk, strategie poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch kontextech p\u0159em\u011bnit do nal\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto dyadick\u00e9 intervence zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed a slu\u017eby mus\u00ed v\u011bnovat pozornost tomu, aby soci\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora odpov\u00eddala osobn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m jedince po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici, a t\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161ili potenci\u00e1l t\u00e9to intervence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kr\u00e1\u010dejte ke zdrav\u00ed a pry\u010d od smrti<\/b>: Ch\u016fze je forma dostupn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 aktivity, kter\u00e1 je obl\u00edben\u00e1 u mnoha lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch s fyzick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi, a mohla by b\u00fdt jednou z prvn\u00edch aktivit, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit, zejm\u00e9na u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou aktivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. V\u011bnujte pozornost efektivn\u00ed praxi \u201ev re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c: <\/b>Lid\u00e9 \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 techniky zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed intuitivn\u011b a v\u011bnov\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti tomu, co funguje v “re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b”, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci ostatn\u00edm.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Systematizovan\u00e1 intuice:<\/b> Rozvoj intervenc\u00ed nebo slu\u017eeb zalo\u017een\u00fdch na systemizaci postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed ostatn\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci \u0161\u00ed\u0159it u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 strategie. Pr\u00e1ce s dy\u00e1dami p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a dohod\u011b o spole\u010dn\u00fdch c\u00edlech pro ch\u016fzi a spole\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak budou c\u00edle uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1ny, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem pro zdravotnick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky p\u0159i usnad\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b s podporou reflexe pokroku a p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm c\u00edl\u016f a pl\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Existuj\u00edc\u00ed vztahy mohou pokusy o zm\u011bnu podpo\u0159it nebo zma\u0159it: <\/b>Podporuj\u00edc\u00ed vztahy se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou anga\u017eovanost\u00ed, podporou a respektem k\u00a0druh\u00e9mu, ochotu spoluvytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k\u00a0proch\u00e1zk\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, flexibiln\u00ed a schopn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se schopnostem osoby s\u00a0c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkovou p\u0159\u00edhodou.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Podporujte spolupr\u00e1ci: <\/b>Chod\u00edc\u00ed kamar\u00e1di by m\u011bli pom\u00e1hat vybrat smyslupln\u00e9 c\u00edle, na kter\u00fdch by mohli stav\u011bt. . Nap\u0159\u00edklad doj\u00edt p\u011b\u0161ky do supermarketu nebo obej\u00edt park bylo pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e stanoven\u00fd po\u010det krok\u016f za den a pomohlo to k rozvoji a udr\u017een\u00ed motivace, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee krokom\u011bry a jin\u00e1 nositeln\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u t\u00e9to populace \u010dasto nefunguj\u00ed dob\u0159e.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    By Stephan Dombrowski, University of New Brunswick, Canada Walking away from death Walking is one of the most basic forms of human movement and is associated with a plethora of health benefits. Evidence suggests that those who walk more, are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,59,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goal-setting","category-physical-activity","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3047"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4543,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3047\/revisions\/4543"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}