{"id":2828,"date":"2023-05-29T08:57:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T08:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2828"},"modified":"2025-11-04T09:18:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T09:18:14","slug":"bringing-behaviour-change-techniques-into-practice-making-use-of-available-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2023\/05\/bringing-behaviour-change-techniques-into-practice-making-use-of-available-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technik zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed v praxi: Vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Marta Moreira Marques, Univerzita NOVA v Lisabonu, Portugalsko<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Techniky zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou stavebn\u00ed kameny intervenc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bez ohledu na to, zda se sna\u017e\u00edte pomoci n\u011bkomu zv\u00fd\u0161it fyzickou aktivitu, p\u0159estat kou\u0159it nebo dodr\u017eovat l\u00e9kov\u00fd re\u017eim, techniky zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 techniky zm\u011bn v chov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad <a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2018\/08\/how-to-set-goals-that-work\/\">stanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2020\/05\/stop-being-an-ostrich-the-benefits-of-helping-people-to-monitor-their-progress\/\">, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>, poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o chov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed emoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v praxi pou\u017eilo r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by je takto ozna\u010dili. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b aby byly techniky zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s klienty nebo pacienty m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1ny systematicky a racion\u00e1ln\u011b (viz nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v tomto blogu &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/2018\/08\/how-to-set-goals-that-work\/\">Jak stanovit c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed<\/a>&#8220;). To p\u0159edstavuje dv\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky pro zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00e9 praktiky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jak mohu zjistit, jak\u00e9 techniky zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou pro m\u011b k dispozici?<\/li>\n<li>Kter\u00e9 techniky zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou pro m\u00e9 klienty nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jak je mohu aplikovat v praxi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek poskytuje p\u0159ehled n\u011bkter\u00fdch bezplatn\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou pomoci odborn\u00edk\u016fm \u0159e\u0161it tyto ot\u00e1zky a c\u00edtit se v\u00edce sebejist\u011b p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed intervenc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed v praxi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010c\u00e1st 1. Identifikace dostupn\u00fdch technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed: Klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee existuje vysok\u00fd po\u010det technik zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed, vynalo\u017eili behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdci \u00fasil\u00ed vytvo\u0159it klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my t\u011bchto technik.<\/p>\n<p>Nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edvanou klasifikac\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23512568\/\">Taxonomick\u00e1 technika zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed v1<\/a> vyvinut\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky z Centra pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato taxonomie obsahuje 93 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch technik ozna\u010den\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtkem, definic\u00ed a praktick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady. Proto\u017ee tato taxonomie se rozs\u00e1hle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, je nyn\u00ed relativn\u011b snadn\u00e9 naj\u00edt anal\u00fdzu nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch a nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technik pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kontexty a populace. Tato taxonomie se p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 do jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, aby se usnadnilo jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed profesion\u00e1l\u016fm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b (nap\u0159. <a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/8hdjk\/files\/osfstorage\/63ea8727eeb8ff03e22113e5\">portugalsk\u00e1 verze<\/a>). Centrum pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bct-taxonomy.com\/\">online datab\u00e1zi<\/a> intervenc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch tuto taxonomii, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bct-taxonomy.com\/\">online \u0161kolen\u00ed<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/BCTsappGoogle\">mobiln\u00ed aplikaci<\/a> a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na c\u00edli intervence. Pokud je hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem podporovat lidi p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00fdch samo\u0159\u00eddic\u00edch technik, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0souvislosti vlastn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de chronick\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete se poradit s kompendiem 123 technik, kter\u00e9 jsou dopln\u011bny <a href=\"https:\/\/static-content.springer.com\/esm\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41562-019-0798-9\/MediaObjects\/41562_2019_798_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\">sady n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/a>, popisuj\u00edc\u00ed techniky a zp\u016fsoby jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0jazyce srozumiteln\u00e9m pro laiky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010c\u00e1st 2. Zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed do praxe: R\u00e1mce kompetenc\u00ed a \u0161kolen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee vyplynout z \u010dten\u00ed prvn\u00ed sekce tohoto blogu, je: &#8220;OK, te\u010f v\u00edm, jak z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011bmto n\u00e1stroj\u016fm, ale jak zjist\u00edm, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity a jak se nau\u010d\u00edm je implementovat?&#8221; Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podpory zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti vy\u017eaduje odbornost, stejn\u011b jako jsou znalosti a praxe pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro doporu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho typu terapeutick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n<p>Identifikace pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch kompetenc\u00ed pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch soubor\u016f technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed lze naj\u00edt v kompeten\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u00edch. V evropsk\u00e9m kontextu byl vyvinut komplexn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12909-021-02720-w\">mezioborov\u00fd kompeten\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec<\/a> pro zdravotn\u00edky a dal\u0161\u00ed profesion\u00e1ly, kter\u00fd podporuje zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed a vlastn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Tento r\u00e1mec poskytuje soubor z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kompetenc\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro podporu zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed a identifikaci nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technik pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou strava, fyzick\u00e1 aktivita a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed medikace.<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci iniciativy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.train4health.eu\/\">projekt EU Train4Health<\/a>) byly vytvo\u0159eny dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nau.edu.pt\/en\/course\/behaviour-change-support-for-the-self-management-of-chronic-dise\/\">Hromadn\u00fd online otev\u0159en\u00fd kurz<\/a>, kter\u00fd poskytuje \u0161kolen\u00ed pro zdravotnick\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 odborn\u00edky a studenty o tom, jak poskytovat podporu p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed technik zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed) pro vlastn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.train4health.eu\/simulation\">Webov\u00e1 aplikace<\/a> nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro n\u00e1cvik podpory zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e u\u017eivatel\u00e9 hraj\u00ed roli zdravotn\u00edka nebo jin\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka a komunikuj\u00ed s 2D virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed hraj\u00ed roli osob s chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-031-20010-6\">Voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 kniha<\/a> obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady a n\u00e1vody k implementaci t\u011bchto technik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>V\u011bnujte \u010das u\u010den\u00ed o technik\u00e1ch zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed: <\/strong>Ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technik zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b toho, kter\u00e9 techniky se maj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obrovsk\u00fd dopad na usnadn\u011bn\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu podpory zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed, dokonce i v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed. Vyzkou\u0161ejte si to ve sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm tempu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Identifikujte p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro n\u00e1cvik, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat techniky zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed: <\/strong>Zde uveden\u00e9 zdroje v\u00e1m mohou pomoci v za\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch, ale t\u00edm to nekon\u010d\u00ed. Uspo\u0159\u00e1dejte intern\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed, nebo oslovte profesn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s vybav\u00ed dovednostmi, jak techniky zm\u011bn chov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat v praxi. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou ji\u017e k dispozici \u0161kolen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje od odborn\u00fdch a akademick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Pokud chcete z\u00edskat v\u00edce informac\u00ed o mo\u017enostech \u0161kolen\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch ve va\u0161\u00ed zemi, m\u016f\u017eete se tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed deleg\u00e1ty <a href=\"https:\/\/ehps.net\/national-delegates\/\">Evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti psychologie zdrav\u00ed.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[translated by Krist\u00fdna Anna \u010cern\u00edkov\u00e1]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Marta Moreira Marques, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal Behaviour change techniques are the building blocks of behavior change interventions. Whether you are trying to help someone increase their physical activity, stop smoking or better adhere to a medication regimen, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-behavioural-theory"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2828"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4547,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2828\/revisions\/4547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}