{"id":2576,"date":"2022-10-06T12:15:58","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T12:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2576"},"modified":"2025-11-04T13:59:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:59:47","slug":"building-collaboration-between-behavioural-research-and-practice-to-improve-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2022\/10\/building-collaboration-between-behavioural-research-and-practice-to-improve-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Budov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi v\u00fdzkumem chov\u00e1n\u00ed a prax\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed zdrav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katherine Brown, University of Hertfordshire, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obsah tohoto blogov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku \u010derp\u00e1m z\u010d\u00e1sti z\u00a0vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed s prac\u00ed v rozd\u011blen\u00e9 roli mezi univerzitou a odd\u011blen\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, a s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm praktick\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch z v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje i hodnocen\u00ed intervenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u0165 u\u017e \u0159\u00edd\u00edte, navrhujete nebo dod\u00e1v\u00e1te zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee existuje alespo\u0148 jedno chov\u00e1n\u00ed, u n\u011bho\u017e pot\u0159ebujete, aby jej u\u017eivatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb zm\u011bnili z d\u016fvodu\u00a0zd\u00e1rn\u00e9ho dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f dan\u00e9 slu\u017eby. A to proto, \u017ee zp\u016fsob chov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k celkov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei nemocemi, bez ohledu na typ onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 se va\u0161e slu\u017eby zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed nebo na to, zda jsou p\u0159enosn\u00e9 (nap\u0159. ch\u0159ipka, Covid-19, tuberkul\u00f3za, pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00e9 infekce) nebo nep\u0159enosn\u00e9 (nap\u0159. srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, CHOPN, diabetes 2. , obezita). To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by lid\u00e9 m\u011bli b\u00fdt obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni ze \u0161patn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nebo \u017ee by m\u011bli b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ni jako v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a pohodu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak! Zdravotn\u00ed stav \u010dlov\u011bka je tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledkem genetick\u00fdch, biologick\u00fdch, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch determinant. Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto faktor\u016f je pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed a ochranu zdrav\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u016fle\u017eitost chov\u00e1n\u00ed v kontrole nemoc\u00ed bylo na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni b\u011bhem sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pandemie Covid-19 zd\u016frazn\u011bno i t\u00edm,\u00a0 \u017ee jsme v\u0161ichni museli dodr\u017eovat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed\/fyzick\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pravideln\u011b si m\u00fdt ruce a\/nebo pou\u017e\u00edvat dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na ruce, vyh\u00fdbat se dotyk\u016fm obli\u010deje, nosit rou\u0161ky a izolovat se, pokud jsme si mysleli, \u017ee m\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edznaky viru, nebo dodr\u017eovat karant\u00e9nu p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu z ur\u010dit\u00fdch destinac\u00ed. Kdy\u017e tato opat\u0159en\u00ed lid\u00e9 dodr\u017euj\u00ed v dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru se minimalizuje a zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky se zlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jednou z hlavn\u00edch oblast\u00ed studia a v\u00fdzkumu v psychologii zdrav\u00ed je pochopen\u00ed komplexn\u00edch, vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, zda se lid\u00e9 zapoj\u00ed do chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro jejich vlastn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, pro zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed kolem nich a\/nebo pro zdrav\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed populace. Pokud dok\u00e1\u017eeme pochopit, co \u0159\u00edd\u00ed toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159et nebo p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\/nebo p\u0159\u00edmo intervenovat tak, aby se zlep\u0161ilo zdrav\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eilo to nezdrav\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1me v\u00fdznamnou a rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu d\u016fkaz\u016f o tom, co celou \u0159adu zm\u011bn v chov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje. Jde o tyto, ale nejen tyto zm\u011bny: na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b jde o vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, d\u00e1le o zdrav\u00e9 stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, fyzickou aktivitu, hygienu rukou, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, o omezen\u00ed sedav\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a konzumace alkoholu, a tak\u00e9 o to, p\u0159estat kou\u0159it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tyto d\u016fkazy je t\u0159eba zabudovat do poskytovan\u00e9<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed s odborn\u00fdmi znalostmi v t\u00e9to oblasti a zadavatel\u00e9 \u010di dodavatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb p\u016fsobili ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho individu\u00e1ln\u011b. Intervence zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly placen\u00e9 presti\u017en\u00edmi sponzory v\u00fdzkumu, a kter\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zaly jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, se \u010dasto nedostanou do \u0161irok\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed v praxi; p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo z toho, co se d\u011bje v praxi, je pln\u011b zalo\u017eeno na d\u016fkazech nebo je d\u016fkladn\u011b vyhodnoceno (pokud v\u016fbec).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Jak byl vyu\u017eit behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pracovn\u00edci v zdravotnick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch organizac\u00edch se ji\u017e dlouho <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00edm, jak mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat d\u016fkazy z\u00a0v\u00fdzkum\u016f k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvality slu\u017eeb a intervenc\u00ed. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b roste pov\u011bdom\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd a psychologie zdrav\u00ed k pochopen\u00ed a zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho se zdrav\u00edm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed zve\u0159ejnilo Public Health England n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategii, kter\u00e1 podporuje behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed a spole\u010denskov\u011bdn\u00ed revoluci v politice a praxi ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Podobn\u011b se na ned\u00e1vno z\u0159\u00edzenou Organizaci pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i Rad\u011b hrabstv\u00ed Hertfordshire obracej\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady po cel\u00e9m Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta s \u017e\u00e1dostmi o rady, jak by tak\u00e9 ony mohly zav\u00e9st metody zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed a d\u016fkazy o zl<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ep\u0161en\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a pohody, a p\u0159isp\u011bt tak k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jako zdravotn\u00edci uva\u017eujte pru\u017en\u011b o <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tom, jak lze <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ve va\u0161em zdravotn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vyu\u017e\u00edt d\u016fkazy o zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u00fapln\u00e9 p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb \u010dasto nen\u00ed to, co je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> S poskytovateli slu\u017eeb v Coventry jsme spolupracovali na p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed slu\u017eeb pro regulaci t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti, abychom z\u00edskali d\u016fkazy o \u00fa\u010dinku intervenc\u00ed, o nich\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee p\u016fsob\u00ed na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i j\u00eddle a fyzick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b. Zahrnuli jsme nap\u0159\u00edklad intervence \u201estanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f\u201c, \u201epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed akc\u00ed\u201c, \u201e\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f\u201c a \u201ep\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed behavior\u00e1ln\u00edho c\u00edle\u201c, proto\u017ee v\u00edme, \u017ee jde o intervence \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hmotnosti.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201eZabalen\u00ed\u201c je intervence na podporu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondom\u016f, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na teorii zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed a na d\u016fkazech, \u017ee pokud je efektivn\u00ed i n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poskytov\u00e1na zdravotnick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami online. Jedn\u00edm z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prediktor\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondom\u016f u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed jsou afektivn\u00ed (zalo\u017een\u00e9 na emoc\u00edch) postoje k nim (nap\u0159. sni\u017euj\u00ed rozko\u0161 a p\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed tok sexu). \u010c\u00e1st intervence se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje na tato negativn\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondom\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee ve vide\u00edch skute\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i sexu, p\u0159eformuluje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kondom\u016f <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">na erotick\u00e9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201eStopapp\u201c je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 intervence<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pro zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, s nimi\u017e se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1ci u st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro odvyk\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed. Zahrnuje p\u0159eformulov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f o povaze slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 ku\u0159\u00e1ci \u010dasto zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a odbour\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky ve\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pomoc\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00fdch rezervaci a p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti e-mailem a SMS zpr\u00e1vou.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat pro vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi behavior\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem a prax\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed zdrav\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou budovat vazby s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi zdravotnick\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami nebo pe\u010dovatelsk\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami a jejich poskytovateli, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi se t\u00e9maty, kter\u00e1 je zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed, za \u00fa\u010delem jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v praxi. Pokud \u0159e\u0161\u00edte jasnou a prokazatelnou zdravotn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu, je to slibn\u00e1 cesta, jak p\u0159il\u00e1kat p\u0159\u00edjem z grant\u016f.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed mohou nahl\u00e9dnout do popisu pr\u00e1ce a specifikace osob, kter\u00e9 disponuj\u00ed dovednostmi a znalostmi z psychologie zdrav\u00ed, a p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b jimi doplnit sv\u016fj t\u00fdm.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159\u00edklady jsou k dispozici u British Psychological Society Division of Health Psychology Careers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Poskytovatel\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb mohou oslovit m\u00edstn\u00ed univerzity, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed psychology zdrav\u00ed a specialisty na zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed s nab\u00eddkou na spolupr\u00e1ci za \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\/nebo vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Psychologov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed tak mohou pomoci s\u00a0nab\u00eddkou k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na podporu mezioborov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[P\u0159elo\u017eila Renata Hacklov\u00e1]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Katherine Brown, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom The content of this blog post is in part drawn from my experiences working in a split role between a university and a local government public health department, with the opportunity to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-public-health"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2576"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4555,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2576\/revisions\/4555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}