{"id":2526,"date":"2022-08-25T11:45:13","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T11:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2526"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:00:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:00:49","slug":"2526","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2022\/08\/2526\/","title":{"rendered":"Ztraceno (a nalzeno) v p\u0159ekladu: Efektn\u00ed komunikace s pacienty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zuzana Dankulincova, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Slovakia<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f si uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu je jejich etick\u00e1 zodpov\u011bdnost v\u016f\u010di \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm (a p\u0159eje si, aby v\u00fdsledky m\u011bly jasn\u00fd praktick\u00fd dopad), av\u0161ak p\u0159echod od teoretick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed k jejich <\/span>\u0161irok\u00e9mu uplatn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee trvat dlouho<\/span><\/a>. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky nejsou v\u017edy aplikov\u00e1ny do ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxe, a pokud ano, obvykle se tak ned\u011bje d\u016fsledn\u011b a systematicky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se to d\u011bje? Mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch studi\u00ed, intervenc\u00ed a doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi je t\u0159eba se \u0159\u00eddit, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro poskytovatele zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de zahlcuj\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159i proch\u00e1zen\u00ed evidence a doporu\u010den\u00ed je pot\u0159eba p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom, nakolik jsou <\/span>\u00fadaje relevantn\u00ed pro va\u0161e m\u00edstn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/a> Je kontext popsan\u00fd v doporu\u010den\u00edch z v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch studi\u00ed srovnateln\u00fd s va\u0161\u00edm? M\u00e1te k dispozici v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete k realizaci doporu\u010den\u00ed, nebo v\u00e1m chyb\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdroje a dovednosti? Maj\u00ed va\u0161i pacienti to, co pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k realizaci doporu\u010den\u00ed? Ani ta nejl\u00e9pe navr\u017een\u00e1 a nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed intervence nebude \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, pokud nebude “pasovat” na va\u0161e pacienty a prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt problematick\u00e9 doporu\u010dit intervenci v oblasti elektronick\u00e9ho zdravotnictv\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed chytr\u00e9 telefony nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, nebo t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed n\u00edzkou po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou gramotnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm aspektem p\u0159i p\u0159evodu znalost\u00ed je interakce mezi t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed znalosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed (nap\u0159. pacienti), a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed znalosti vlastn\u00ed a sd\u00edlej\u00ed (nap\u0159. zdravotn\u00edci). Bez ohledu na to, jak dob\u0159e sd\u011blujeme sv\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed, nepovedou k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm, pokud nebudou pro pacienta relevantn\u00ed nebo u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1.\u00a0 Naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017ekou p\u0159evodu znalost\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00e9mu je naslouch\u00e1no, m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edt svou moudrost a vid\u011bt v\u011bci z nov\u00e9 perspektivy. <\/span>\u010c\u00edm l\u00e9pe budeme pacient\u016fm a klient\u016fm naslouchat,<\/span><\/a> t\u00edm l\u00e9pe budeme schopni uspokojit jejich pot\u0159eby a t\u00edm v\u00edce budou na\u0161im sd\u011blen\u00edm v\u011b\u0159it, budou se jim l\u00edbit a nakonec se jimi budou \u0159\u00eddit. Chcete-li toho dos\u00e1hnout, aktivn\u011b naslouchejte tomu, co v\u00e1m pacient chce \u0159\u00edci, ani\u017e byste mu vnucovali sv\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, a poskytn\u011bte mu dostatek \u010dasu bez vyru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte pokud mo\u017eno otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, p\u0159izp\u016fsobte se \u00farovni zdravotn\u00ed gramotnosti pacienta a vyhn\u011bte se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 terminologie. Pokud je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eargon, nezapome\u0148te zkontrolovat, zda mu pacient rozum\u00ed, a pokud ne, nezapome\u0148te pou\u017eit\u00e9 term\u00edny vysv\u011btlit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho byste <\/span>se m\u011bli sebe<\/span><\/a> i <\/span>pacienta nebo klienta<\/span><\/a> zeptat na faktory, kter\u00e9 by v\u00e1m mohly zabr\u00e1nit v \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m poskytnut\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 intervence nebo by mohly zabr\u00e1nit pacientovi v \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m zaveden\u00ed intervence. Chcete-li \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zav\u00e9st zm\u011bnu, opat\u0159en\u00ed nebo intervenci, m\u011bli byste p\u0159edem zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. I kdy\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudete schopni vyjmenovat v\u0161echny, ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee m\u00e1te s pacientem dostatek \u010dasu na to, abyste se zamysleli nad t\u00edm, co by se mohlo pokazit, pro\u010d a jak by se tomu dalo p\u0159edej\u00edt nebo to vy\u0159e\u0161it. Pokud se nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00e1\u0161 pacient rozhodne pro zm\u011bnu stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt relevantn\u00ed promluvit si o tom, zda si pacient bude j\u00eddlo p\u0159ipravovat s\u00e1m nebo zda se bude stravovat v restaurac\u00edch \u010di j\u00eddeln\u00e1ch. Pokud si j\u00eddlo p\u0159ipravuje doma, je na to dostatek \u010dasu? Pokud je \u010dasu m\u00e1lo, jak to lze vy\u0159e\u0161it? Pokud se osoba pl\u00e1nuje stravovat v restaurac\u00edch nebo j\u00eddeln\u00e1ch, m\u00e1 k dispozici r\u016fzn\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 potraviny? V\u017edy je dobr\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e a v r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edlen\u011b posoudit mo\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my nebo pacienta povzbudit, aby se p\u0159ipravil s\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakmile je vybr\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 intervence, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159izp\u016fsobena pacientovi a kontextu a bere v \u00favahu mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, je \u010das na jej\u00ed realizaci. Udr\u017eujte intervenci co nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejstru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad chcete pacienta povzbudit k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu cvi\u010den\u00ed, vyzv\u011bte ho, aby up\u0159esnil, kdy, kde a jak to m\u00e1 d\u011blat. Studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee ke zm\u011bn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji dojde v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <\/span>pl\u00e1novan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a c\u00edlen\u011bj\u0161\u00edch intervenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Implementac\u00ed to nekon\u010d\u00ed, pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt, zda intervence funguje. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm posledn\u00edm krokem je z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby spolu s hodnocen\u00edm, abyste ji mohli v budoucnu zohlednit. Nezapome\u0148te pacienty sledovat, ptejte se jich na jejich pokroky, na to, co jim vyhovuje, a pokud maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00ed nebo s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm intervenc\u00ed, diskutujte s nimi o tom, co by mohlo b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou probl\u00e9m\u016f a jak\u00e1 by byla vhodn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Vyhledejte znalosti relevantn\u00ed pro va\u0161e m\u00edstn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed – <\/b>najd\u011bte si zdroj relevantn\u00edch a platn\u00fdch informac\u00ed a zhodno\u0165te relevanci a vhodnost informac\u00ed pro va\u0161e pacienty a v\u00e1\u0161 kontext.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Komunikujte efektivn\u00ed <\/b>\u2013 zave\u010fte efektivn\u00ed interakci a otev\u0159enou komunikaci s pacienty a naslouchejte jim, ani\u017e byste jim vnucovali sv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o tom, co pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte a ptejte se na mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky \u2013 <\/b>spole\u010dn\u011b s pacienty p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom, co se m\u016f\u017ee pokazit a jak tomu p\u0159edej\u00edt.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Pl\u00e1nujte intervence jasn\u011b a v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b <\/b>\u2013 zm\u011bna je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud je intervence pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 a c\u00edlen\u00e1.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Z\u00edskejte zp\u011btnou vazbu<\/b> \u2013 shroma\u017e\u010fujte informace o tom, jak intervence prob\u00edh\u00e1, a vyu\u017eijte ji ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed v budoucnu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [Translated by Krist\u00fdna Anna \u010cern\u00edkov\u00e1]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Zuzana Dankulincova, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Slovakia While most researchers are aware that disseminating study results is part of their ethical responsibility to research participants (and wish for their research findings to have clear, practical implications), the transition from […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2530,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2526"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4557,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2526\/revisions\/4557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}