{"id":2461,"date":"2022-04-28T07:59:44","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T07:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2461"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:03:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:03:06","slug":"your-intervention-your-way-short-appraisal-interventions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2022\/04\/your-intervention-your-way-short-appraisal-interventions\/","title":{"rendered":"Va\u0161e intervence, va\u0161e cesta! Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed intervence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katarzyna Cantarero, SWPS University, Polsko<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sonjalyubomirsky.com\/wp-content\/themes\/sonjalyubomirsky\/papers\/LSS2005.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subjektivn\u00ed<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/sonjalyubomirsky.com\/wp-content\/themes\/sonjalyubomirsky\/papers\/LSS2005.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pohoda<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je funkc\u00ed toho, s \u010d\u00edm jsme se narodili, situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b objevuj\u00ed, a (na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed!) toho, co d\u011bl\u00e1me z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Mnoho <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sonjalyubomirsky.com\/wp-content\/themes\/sonjalyubomirsky\/papers\/LDP2010.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u011bdc\u016f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> zkoumalo, co m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b podpo\u0159it na\u0161e psychick\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed (nebo afirma\u010dn\u00ed) intervence mohou b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 \u00fakoly (nap\u0159<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scottbarrykaufman.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/davis2016.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. seznamy vd\u011b\u010dnosti nebo dopisy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) mohou zlep\u0161it psychickou pohodu. V rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 studii s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed mnoha v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f zjistili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z 87 zem\u00ed, \u017ee jednoduch\u00e9 intervence p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed (tj. zm\u011bna toho, jak \u010dlov\u011bk situaci vn\u00edm\u00e1, nebo zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se na pozitivn\u00ed aspekty situace) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41562-021-01173-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pos\u00edlily pozitivn\u00ed emoce<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19. V\u011bdci z 87 zem\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto intervence mohou v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch emoc\u00ed. P\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e1 je potenci\u00e1ln\u011b stresuj\u00edc\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-3514.65.2.248\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhod<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> z n\u00ed. B\u011bhem hodnot\u00edc\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed jedinci s argumenty o pozitivn\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch situac\u00ed, v nich\u017e se ocitli. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed subjektivn\u00ed pohody prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm potvrzen\u00ed psychologick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u011bhem pandemie na\u0161e skupina zkoumala, zda kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 online intervence mohou <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1948550620942708\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zlep\u0161it subjektivn\u00ed pohodu jednotlivc\u016f.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Zam\u011b\u0159ili jsme se na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby (tj. autonomie, sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnosti a kompetence), kter\u00e9 uprost\u0159ed epidemie COVID-19 lid\u00e9 pro\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Pot\u0159eba autonomie souvis\u00ed s pocitem volby a svobody, pot\u0159eba kompetence s pocitem, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, a pot\u0159eba sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnosti (vztah\u016f) souvis\u00ed s pocitem spojen\u00ed s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi. Podle teorie sebeur\u010den\u00ed je <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uspokojen\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladn\u00edch psychologick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb nezbytn\u00e9. Zjistili jsme, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby jsou uspokojeny, vykazuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 du\u0161evn\u00ed pohody.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1948550620942708\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">navazuj\u00edc\u00ed studii<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> jsme po\u017e\u00e1dali lidi, aby napsali o situaci, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e dok\u00e1zali poc\u00edtit autonomii, kompetenci a\/nebo sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnost navzdory omezen\u00edm, kter\u00e1 do jejich \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu vnesla pandemie. Tato kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 intervence zv\u00fd\u0161ila du\u0161evn\u00ed pohodu d\u00edky pos\u00edlen\u00ed pocitu sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnosti a sn\u00ed\u017eila vn\u00edman\u00fd stres ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed skupinou. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a jednoduch\u00e9 online \u00fakoly, jako je tento tedy mohou lidem pomoci c\u00edtit se l\u00e9pe, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, jak dlouho by tyto pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky mohly trvat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed smysluplnosti pr\u00e1ce a pracovn\u00edho nasazen\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V dal\u0161\u00ed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000594\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">samostatn\u00e9 studii<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">si na\u0161e v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 skupina polo\u017eila ot\u00e1zku, zda by podobn\u00e9 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 online intervence mohly zlep\u0161it v\u00fdsledky v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmalo n\u00e1s zejm\u00e9na pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed a smysluplnost pr\u00e1ce. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilmarschaufeli.nl\/publications\/Schaufeli\/178.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> je \u010dasto popisov\u00e1no jako pocit oddanosti, pohlcen\u00ed a el\u00e1nu souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s prac\u00ed. Vysok\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody jednotlivc\u016fm i organizac\u00edm (nap\u0159. lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spokojenost s prac\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed depresivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky). Podobn\u011b, smysluplnost v pr\u00e1ci je spojena s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi psychologick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ednosy i mimo pracovn\u00ed kontext (nap\u0159. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9781118977620.ch5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fazkost, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pohoda<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159edchoz\u00ed studie navrhly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1069072713514811\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n\u011bkolik zdroj\u016f<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> smyslupln\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce (nap\u0159. slu\u017eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu dobru, pomoc druh\u00fdm, osobn\u00ed rozvoj, vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz). V na\u0161em v\u00fdzkumu jsme se zam\u011b\u0159ili na zdroje smyslupln\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce podle jejich orientace na sebe nebo na druh\u00e9. Cht\u011bli jsme ov\u011b\u0159it, zda by <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intervence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje zdroje smysluplnosti podle orientace na sebe nebo na druh\u00e9 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000594\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161ila smysluplnost pr\u00e1ce a pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Na\u0161e zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potvrdilo, \u017ee psan\u00ed o tom, pro\u010d pova\u017euj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci svou pr\u00e1ci za smysluplnou vedlo ke\u00a0vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed smysluplnosti pr\u00e1ce a moment\u00e1ln\u00edmu vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu pracovn\u00edmu zapojen\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed prom\u011bnnou (kdy zam\u011bstnanci popisovali vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed). V dal\u0161\u00ed studii jsme zam\u011bstnance po\u017e\u00e1dali, aby psali bu\u010f o slu\u017eb\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu dobru nebo o postupu v profesn\u00ed kari\u00e9\u0159e jako o zdroj\u00edch smyslupln\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce oproti vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed (kontroln\u00ed skupina). Zjistili jsme, \u017ee psan\u00ed o tom, jak pr\u00e1ce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek ostatn\u00edm, zvy\u0161uje smysluplnost pr\u00e1ce a t\u00edm i pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed intervence jsou slibn\u00fdm sv\u00e9pomocn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem zlep\u0161en\u00ed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1948550620942708\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">psychick\u00e9 pohody<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, alespo\u0148 v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edklady nab\u00edzej\u00ed sami lid\u00e9, jsou intervence dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny jednotlivci a mohou b\u00fdt proto \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Chcete-li zlep\u0161it psychickou pohodu sv\u00fdch klient\u016f nebo <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fcou0000594\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zv\u00fd\u0161it smysluplnost pr\u00e1ce a pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, m\u016f\u017eete zv\u00e1\u017eit, zda jim nenab\u00eddnout n\u011bkter\u00fd z n\u00ed\u017ee doporu\u010den\u00fdch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed subjektivn\u00ed pohody a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stresu je po\u017e\u00e1dejte, aby napsali o situaci, kdy poci\u0165ovali n\u011bkter\u00e9 nebo v\u0161echny z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch faktor\u016f:\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pocit autonomie, nap\u0159. kdy\u017e jste m\u011bli pocit volby a svobody ve v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 podnik\u00e1te;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pocit kompetence, nap\u0159. kdy\u017e jste m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee jste schopni dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pocit sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnosti, nap\u0159. kdy\u017e m\u00e1te pocit, \u017ee jste spojeni s lidmi, kter\u00fdm na v\u00e1s z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed a na kter\u00fdch v\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> V pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete klientovi navrhnout, aby si sepsal d\u016fvody, pro\u010d je jeho pr\u00e1ce smyslupln\u00e1. Nebo mu doporu\u010dte, aby si polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku, jak jeho pr\u00e1ce slou\u017e\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu dobru.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159elo\u017eila Krist\u00fdna Anna \u010cern\u00edkov\u00e1<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Katarzyna Cantarero, SWPS University, Poland Subjective well-being is a function of what we were born with, situations that pop up in our lives and (luckily!) what we intentionally do. Many researchers have examined what can effectively boost our psychological [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-e-health","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.5","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sr","fi","et","sv","tr","uk","hi","sw","ta"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"et":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sw":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ta":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"{:en}by Katarzyna Cantarero, SWPS University, Poland Subjective well-being is a function of what we were born with, situations that pop up in our lives and (luckily!) what we intentionally do. 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