{"id":2103,"date":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T10:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:12:07","slug":"how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2021\/03\/how-to-support-patients-to-lose-weight-and-better-manage-their-type-2-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u010den\u00ed dovednosti komunikace o zdrav\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wendy Lawrence, University of Southampton<\/strong><\/p>\n

Druh \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed a nemoc\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti. A tak\u00e9 je rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1jem o zp\u016fsob, jak zlep\u0161it p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdrav\u00ed. Pracovn\u00edci v\u00a0prvn\u00ed linii, zejm\u00e9na ti pracuj\u00edc\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a komunitn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch jsou hlavn\u00edmi zdroji, podporuj\u00edc\u00edmi zm\u011bnu v\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky nab\u00edzej\u00ed mo\u017enost k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed diskuze o zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee jim chyb\u00ed znalosti a dovednosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k\u00a0podpo\u0159e zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit d\u016fv\u011bru k\u00a0rozhovoru s\u00a0klienty nebo pacienty o potencion\u00e1ln\u011b citliv\u00e9m t\u00e9matu jako je kou\u0159en\u00ed, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1hy nebo konzumace alkoholu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dovednosti komunikace o zdrav\u00ed<\/a> je \u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed program zalo\u017een\u00fd na soci\u00e1ln\u011b kognitivn\u00ed teorii<\/a> a technik\u00e1ch behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny<\/a>, kter\u00e9 vyzdvihuj\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed a na pacienta zam\u011b\u0159enou p\u00e9\u010di. Byl vyvinut multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edm t\u00fdmem na Univerzit\u011b v\u00a0Southampton ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edmi zdravotnick\u00fdmi a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi slu\u017ebami. Dovednosti komunikace o zdrav\u00ed je efektivn\u00ed<\/a>, evidence-based p\u0159\u00edstup, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed praktick\u00e9 a jednoduch\u00e9 dovednosti. Ty pomohou lidem rozpoznat jejich vlastn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V\u0161ichni zdravotni\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat Dovednosti komunikace o zdrav\u00ed i v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 nem\u011bn\u00ed, nebo nep\u0159ej\u00edmaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0izolaci. Jsou ovlivn\u011bni jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kruhem, fyzick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a ostatn\u00edmi prvky mimo jejich kontrolu. Pot\u0159ebujeme porozum\u011bt t\u011bmto faktor\u016fm, abychom mohli efektivn\u011b podpo\u0159it behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bnu. M\u011bli bychom se v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159ovat na porozum\u011bn\u00ed okolnost\u00ed \u017eivota lid\u00ed, abychom jim mohli nab\u00eddnout vhodnou podporu a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b u nich podporovat zm\u011bny. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0princip\u016f Dovednost\u00ed komunikace o zdrav\u00ed je za\u010d\u00edt se zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm priorit lid\u00ed, porozum\u011bt jejich motivaci<\/a> a v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a co nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho se cht\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Program tak\u00e9 povzbuzuje odborn\u00edky, aby uva\u017eovali o hodnot\u011b kladen\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, poslechu a podpo\u0159e stanoven\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/a>, na rozd\u00edl od toho, aby lidem \u0159\u00edkali, co maj\u00ed d\u011blat, radili nebo poskytovali informace. M\u016f\u017eeme efektivn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u010das, kter\u00fd m\u00e1me k dispozici k podpo\u0159e jednotlivc\u016f ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed jejich zdrav\u00ed a pohody pomoc\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f, naslouch\u00e1n\u00edm, u\u010den\u00edm se a zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm lidsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm prvn\u00edch krok\u016f vedouc\u00edch ke zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed z\u00a0programu Dovednosti komunikace o zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ptejte se otev\u0159en\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami. <\/strong>Tyto ot\u00e1zky v\u011bt\u0161inou za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed s \u201eCo\u201c a \u201eJak\u201c a zvou jedince k\u00a0reflexi jeho vlastn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, bari\u00e9r, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a prvn\u00edch krok\u016f ke zm\u011bn\u011b. Nap\u0159. \u201eCo byste cht\u011bl\/a zm\u011bnit? Co v\u00e1m stoj\u00ed v\u00a0cest\u011b k\u00a0t\u00e9to zm\u011bn\u011b? Jak to m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ekonat? Co by byl V\u00e1\u0161 prvn\u00ed krok?\u201c Pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto ot\u00e1zek se m\u016f\u017eete hodn\u011b dozv\u011bd\u011bt a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podpo\u0159it je v\u00a0nalezen\u00ed dovednost\u00ed a zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b.<\/li>\n
  2. Vyh\u00fdbejte se ud\u00edlen\u00ed rad o tom, co maj\u00ed d\u011blat. <\/strong>Poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm rad p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1te, \u017ee lid\u00e9 neznaj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. To m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit pov\u00fd\u0161en\u011b a n\u011bkoho to m\u016f\u017ee odradit a znejistit, \u017ee nen\u00ed schopen zm\u011bny.<\/li>\n
  3. Naslouchejte a p\u0159ijm\u011bte ticho. <\/strong>Lid\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010das k\u00a0p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. Kdy\u017e polo\u017e\u00edte ot\u00e1zku, nesp\u011bchejte, abyste vyplnili ticho. M\u00edsto toho dejte druh\u00e9mu \u0161anci k\u00a0formulov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi a p\u0159istupujte k\u00a0tichu jako k prostoru k\u00a0p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. D\u00e1t prostor k\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek a toho, co cht\u011bj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt poprv\u00e9 po dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy je n\u011bkdo poslouchal, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit podp\u016frn\u011b. Naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee si v\u00e1\u017e\u00edte jejich n\u00e1zoru a hodn\u011b se toho o nich nau\u010d\u00edte. To v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci jim pomoc.<\/li>\n
  4. Podpo\u0159te SMARTER <\/strong>nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f<\/strong><\/a> (Specifick\u00e9, M\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, Ak\u010dn\u00ed, Realistick\u00e9, \u010casov\u011b omezen\u00e9, Hodnotiteln\u00e9, Kontrolovateln\u00e9). <\/strong>Lid\u00e9 si vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed c\u00edle s\u00a0omezen\u00fdm<\/a> pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm a stejn\u011b tak s omezen\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, jak jich dos\u00e1hnou. My tvrd\u00edme \u201ec\u00edl bez pl\u00e1nu je pouh\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c! Pokud v\u00e1\u0161 pokus sel\u017ee, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to vzd\u00e1te. Pokud se budete sna\u017eit dos\u00e1hnout n\u011b\u010deho men\u0161\u00edho a usp\u011bjete, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 budete d\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat. A\u017e n\u011bkdo rozpozn\u00e1 zm\u011bnu, kterou by cht\u011bl prov\u00e9st, polo\u017ete mu tyto SMARTER ot\u00e1zky:\n
      \n
    • Co p\u0159esn\u011b chcete d\u011blat?<\/li>\n
    • Jak \u010dasto, nebo jak dlouho to chcete d\u011blat?<\/li>\n
    • Co pot\u0159ebujete, abyste mohl za\u010d\u00edt?<\/li>\n
    • Jak jste si jist\u00fd\/\u00e1, \u017ee tohoto m\u016f\u017eete dos\u00e1hnout? Na \u0161k\u00e1le od 1\u201310?<\/li>\n
    • Kdy chcete za\u010d\u00edt?<\/li>\n
    • Jak pozn\u00e1te, \u017ee jste usp\u011bl\/a?<\/li>\n
    • Co ud\u011bl\u00e1te, pokud c\u00edle nedos\u00e1hnete?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Reflektujte sv\u00e9 konverzace a to, jak jsou podp\u016frn\u00e9. <\/strong>Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 se pod\u00edvat zp\u011btn\u011b na na\u0161e interakce s\u00a0lidmi a zjistit, co funguje a co ne. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 to identifikovat, co d\u011bl\u00e1me dob\u0159e a kde se pot\u0159ebujeme rozv\u00edjet. A z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1s to uji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee d\u011bl\u00e1me to nejlep\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Polo\u017ete si tyto ot\u00e1zky:\n
        \n
      • Jakou podporu jsem dal\/a tomu \u010dlov\u011bku, aby na\u0161el \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed?<\/li>\n
      • Co jsem mohl\/a ud\u011blat jinak?<\/li>\n
      • Co ud\u011bl\u00e1m p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0<\/strong>[translated by Krist\u00fdna Anna \u010cern\u00edkov\u00e1]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        By Wendy Lawrence, University of Southampton The main causes of death and disease in society today are influenced by our lifestyle choices, and there is a growing focus on ways to improve health behaviours. Front-line practitioners, particularly those working in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication","category-goal-setting"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4577,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/4577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}