{"id":1572,"date":"2019-12-16T15:55:17","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T15:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1572"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:23:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:23:12","slug":"becoming-your-better-self-as-reason-for-changing-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2019\/12\/becoming-your-better-self-as-reason-for-changing-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se st\u00e1tsv\u00fdm lep\u0161\u00edmj\u00e1 zm\u011bnou chov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Winifred Gebhardt, Universita Leiden, Nizozem\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zhruba p\u0159ed dev\u00edti lety jsem se p\u0159es noc stal vegetari\u00e1nem. V rom\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd jsem \u010detl, vysv\u011btlovala hlavn\u00ed postava, jak nem\u016f\u017ee j\u00edst n\u011bco, \u201cv \u010dem n\u011bkdy bilo srdce\u201d. Tato slova se m\u011b siln\u011b dotkla. Uv\u011bdomil jsem si, \u017ee to bylo p\u0159esn\u011b to, co jsem c\u00edtil. P\u0159estal jsem okam\u017eit\u011b j\u00edst maso a ryby, a od t\u00e9 doby jsem nem\u011bl probl\u00e9m se t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 zm\u011bny j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku dr\u017eet. Tato zm\u011bna chov\u00e1n\u00ed se skv\u011ble hodila k m\u00e9 osobnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

A naopak, v\u00a0minulosti jsem pravideln\u011b sportoval a snadno ub\u011bhl 7 kilometr\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jsem se nikdy za \u201esportovn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka\u201c nepova\u017eoval, a kdykoli se objevila p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka jako nap\u0159\u00edklad nemoc, zleniv\u011bl jsem. Nyn\u00ed se nesna\u017e\u00edm b\u00fdt \u201esportovcem\u201c, ale sna\u017e\u00edm se chodit, kdykoli je to b\u011bhem dne mo\u017en\u00e9. Pova\u017euji se za aktivn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e \u010diny reflektuj\u00ed n\u00e1s samotn\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u016fj zp\u016fsob chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201enej\u00edst zv\u00ed\u0159ata\u201c se shoduje s m\u00fdm sebeobrazem. B\u00fdt vegetari\u00e1nem a chovat se tak mi d\u00e1v\u00e1 pozitivn\u00ed pohled na sebe sama jako na starostliv\u00e9ho, ohledupln\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd miluje zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Kdykoli o t\u00e9to volb\u011b mluv\u00edm nebo odm\u00edtnu masit\u00e9 j\u00eddlo, m\u00e9 \u201ej\u00e1\u201c se v\u00a0tom utvrd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poznatek, \u017ee to, co d\u011bl\u00e1me a vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sebe sam\u00fdch a snahy b\u00fdt se sebou spokojeni, je extr\u00e9mn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pro intervence zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zdrav\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se m\u016f\u017eeme zam\u011b\u0159it na to, \u017ee se sebeobraz spojen\u00fd s\u00a0nezdrav\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm (nap\u0159. pit\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00edna b\u011bhem ve\u010de\u0159e, jeliko\u017e se pova\u017euji za n\u011bkoho, kdo si um\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvat \u017eivot) m\u016f\u017ee nahradit jin\u00fdm, m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u010di dokonce zdrav\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm (nap\u0159. pit\u00ed nealkoholick\u00e9 alternativy, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje pohodov\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl). Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro zm\u011bnu je ud\u011blat to, co je v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0typem osobnosti, za jakou se pova\u017eujeme. Tato integrovan\u00e1 motivace ke zm\u011bn\u011b je podle teorie sebedeterminace (Self-Determination theory)nejbl\u00ed\u017ee tomu, jak m\u016f\u017eeme doj\u00edt k\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed motivaci, kdy se chov\u00e1me ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kv\u016fli dobr\u00e9mu pocitu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st na\u0161eho \u201eJ\u00c1\u201c \u017eije v\u00a0budoucnu<\/b><\/p>\n

My lid\u00e9 jsme velice dob\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0\u201ecestov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasem\u201c a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovinu na\u0161eho \u010dasu tr\u00e1v\u00edme fantaz\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm o budoucnosti. Generujeme mo\u017enosti pro sebe sama v\u00a0budoucnu;\u00a0 mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eNa\u0161e mo\u017en\u00e1 budouc\u00ed J\u00c1\u201c, a kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed na\u0161e p\u0159edstavy a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed na\u0161i otev\u0159enost v\u016f\u010di dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad obraz na\u0161eho budouc\u00edho j\u00e1 jako \u201eneku\u0159\u00e1ka\u201c nebo \u201e\u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd v\u0161e dokon\u010duje\u201c v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1m\u011br za\u010d\u00ednat a dokon\u010dovat \u010dinnosti i jejich skute\u010dn\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00ed. Ku\u0159\u00e1ci tud\u00ed\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopni p\u0159edstavit si sami sebe jako \u201ebudouc\u00edho neku\u0159\u00e1ka\u201c p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159estanou kou\u0159it. <\/span>
\n<\/span>S kolegyn\u00ed ElineMeijer nyn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00edme studii, ve kter\u00e9 si ku\u0159\u00e1ci p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed, jakou osobou se stanou, pokud p\u0159estanou kou\u0159it \u010di pokud z\u016fstanou kou\u0159it i nad\u00e1le. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci o t\u011bchto obrazech p\u00ed\u0161ou a p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed k\u00a0nim obr\u00e1zky\/fotografie, kter\u00e9 si s\u00a0nimi asociuj\u00ed. Intervence vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obrazy jako nap\u0159\u00edklad: Pokud p\u0159estanu kou\u0159it, stanu se \u201esiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed \u017eenou s\u00a0pevn\u00fdm charakterem\u201c nebo \u201estanu se vyrovnan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a bezstarostn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm otcem a partnerem\u201c a naopak: Pokud budu d\u00e1le kou\u0159it, stanu se \u201eka\u0161laj\u00edc\u00ed, st\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed si p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ernou \u017eenou\u201c nebo \u201estanu se antisoci\u00e1ln\u00edm, smrd\u00edc\u00edm slabochem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bolesti\u201c. Prvn\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm je to, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina obr\u00e1zk\u016f\/fotografi\u00ed symbolizuje p\u0159\u00edrodu a v\u016fbec neobsahuje tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 produkty nebo kou\u0159\u00edc\u00ed jedince.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slova spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0obr\u00e1zky byla nap\u0159: \u201ebezstarostn\u00e1\/\u00fd\u201c, \u201e\u00fapln\u00e1\/\u00fd\u201c a \u201erozhodn\u00e1\/\u00fd\u201c\u00a0 nam\u00edsto \u201ezbyte\u010dn\u00e1\/\u00fd\u201c, \u201edepresivn\u00ed\u201c a \u201ebezradn\u00e1\/\u00fd\u201c. St\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1me, zda intervence m\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee pokud m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici tyto p\u0159edstavy o sob\u011b sama (sebeobrazy) v\u017edy, kdykoli pot\u0159ebujeme, nap\u0159\u00edklad b\u011bhem ba\u017een\u00ed, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m to vydr\u017eet. Pr\u016fkaznost o efektivit\u011b podobn\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed pomoc\u00ed obraz\u016f o na\u0161em budouc\u00edm j\u00e1 ji\u017e existuje pro jin\u00e1 chov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e1 se zdrav\u00edm,\u00a0 nap\u0159\u00edklad u cvi\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e9pe se n\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed ve skupin\u00e1ch, kde c\u00edt\u00edme, \u017ee do nich pat\u0159\u00edme<\/b><\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poku\u0161en\u00ed a touh\u00e1m v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako ten, kter\u00fd p\u0159estal s\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fdm zlozvykem se m\u016f\u017eete ob\u00e1vat soci\u00e1ln\u00edho odm\u00edtnut\u00ed, jakmile se ji\u017e nebudete chovat stejn\u011b jako va\u0161i p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt chyb\u011bt na obl\u00edben\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u00fdch akc\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b toho, jak se vn\u00edm\u00e1me, je zalo\u017eeno na tom, do jak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny pat\u0159\u00edme. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed kou\u0159\u00ed nebo berou drogy, se sch\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 definuje sebe sama jako \u201eb\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed party\u201c. To je spojeno se spoustou dal\u0161\u00edch hodnot. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mlad\u00ed po odvykac\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b mohou pro\u017e\u00edvat to, \u017ee jejich \u201emarihuanov\u00ed\u201c p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jim \u201enejv\u00edce sed\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159esto\u017ee oni samotn\u00ed ji\u017e marihuanu neu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco neu\u017eivatele vid\u00ed jako ty, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b podporuj\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00ed hodnoty, jsou nudn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo dokonce postr\u00e1daj\u00ed \u201erozum, loajalitu a vyzr\u00e1lost\u201c. To ukazuje, \u017ee kdykoli se sna\u017e\u00edme podporovat zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, m\u011bla by v\u00fdzva, jak z\u016fstat pr\u00e1voplatn\u00fdm \u010dlenem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny st\u00e1t na na\u0161em seznamu v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed trval\u00e9 zm\u011bny proto pot\u0159ebujeme, aby si lid\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ili pozitivn\u00ed obraz sebe sama, v n\u011bm\u017e mohou vid\u011bt sv\u00e9 budouc\u00ed j\u00e1 jako \u201ezdrav\u011b se chovaj\u00edc\u00ed j\u00e1\u201c, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0jejich d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi hodnotami a z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00a0jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na na\u0161e sebepojet\u00ed a sebeobraz. Povzbuzujte lidi ke kreativn\u00edmu my\u0161len\u00ed o tom, k\u00fdm se mohou st\u00e1t, nap\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159en\u00edm upom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00edstk\u016f (tabulek) s\u00a0jejich ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010di odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm budouc\u00edm j\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Najd\u011bte zp\u016fsoby, ve kter\u00fdch se obraz sama sebe spoj\u00ed s\u00a0nov\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a bude pou\u017eit v\u00a0kritick\u00e9 okam\u017eiky, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad b\u011bhem ba\u017een\u00ed \u010di touh\u00e1ch. Jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednku opravdov\u00e9 touhy ke zm\u011bn\u011b si nap\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159te upom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00edste\u010dek a nalepte si jej na plochu PC nebo telefonu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Pom\u00e1hejte lidem vyzkou\u0161et nov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se odkl\u00e1n\u00ed od skupinov\u00fdch norem, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00edho kontextu, kter\u00fd je pro n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad po nab\u00eddnut\u00ed alkoholu mohou \u0159\u00edci slu\u0161n\u011b: \u201eV\u00e1\u017en\u011b to oce\u0148uji, ale nechci, d\u011bkuji (u\u017e jsem si sv\u00e9 pro dne\u0161ek vypil)\u201c nebo vyu\u017e\u00edt vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pouto: \u201eP\u00e1ni, v\u017edycky na m\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1\u0161 pozor, jsi tak dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel. Jak se ti posledn\u00ed dobou da\u0159\u00ed?\u201c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    P\u0159elo\u017eilaNina Soosova<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    By Winifred Gebhardt, Leiden University, The Netherlands About nine years ago, I became a vegetarian overnight. In a novel I was reading, the main character explained how he could not eat anything \u201cin which at some time a heart had […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mental-imagery","category-motivation"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1572"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1572\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}