{"id":1299,"date":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T17:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T07:50:48","slug":"telling-stories-about-caring-for-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2019\/05\/telling-stories-about-caring-for-others\/","title":{"rendered":"Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o p\u00e9\u010di\u201c o druh\u00e9 osoby"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Irina Todorov\u00e1, V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum psychologie v Sofii, Bulharsko<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9\u010de o st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e maj\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0 komplikovan\u00e1 a matouc\u00ed zku\u0161enost, kter\u00e1 je uspokojuj\u00edc\u00ed i frustruj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u011bda pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem \u017e\u00edt a b\u00fdt zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9le, a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee zpomalit i kognitivn\u00ed \u00fapadek, kter\u00fd \u010dasto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s v\u011bkem. To, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u00a0 pe\u010duj\u00ed rodiny o sv\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed \u010dleny, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdznam st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, demence a p\u00e9\u010de se m\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi kulturn\u00edmi kontexty. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1rnou doma, jsou \u010dlenov\u00e9 komunit. Ty maj\u00ed psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody nejen pro star\u0161\u00ed osoby, ale i pro v\u0161echny generace. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je p\u00e9\u010de o osoby se zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se zdrav\u00edm doprov\u00e1zena fyzickou n\u00e1mahou, psychick\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a smutkem, kter\u00fd souvis\u00ed s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi ztr\u00e1tami, \u010di i s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi pro pe\u010dovatele.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Narativn\u00ed psychologie zdrav\u00ed <\/u><\/strong>si klade za c\u00edl prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f porozum\u011bt \u017eivotn\u00edm zku\u0161enostem lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0objevov\u00e1n\u00edm smyslu zdrav\u00ed a nemoci, a s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bnou identity.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ijmout sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o p\u00e9\u010di m\u016f\u017ee pe\u010dovatel\u016fm pomoci objevit nov\u00fd smysl a \u00fa\u010del p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f mohou lid\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt smysl ve sv\u00fdch neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch <u>\u201e\u017eivotn\u00edch kotrmelc\u00edch\u201c<\/u>, vytvo\u0159it tak propojen\u00ed mezi minulost\u00ed, sou\u010dasnost\u00ed a budoucnost\u00ed, a nal\u00e9zt kontinuitu prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho se \u201ej\u00e1\u201c a vztah\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed propojen\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed do plynouc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu lid\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed toho, co se stalo, jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam ud\u00e1lost m\u00e1 a k\u00fdm se nyn\u00ed stali.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0na\u0161em v\u00fdzkumu jsme tak\u00e9 zjistili, jak vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o pe\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm naj\u00edt smysl pomoc\u00ed redefinov\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f s jejich milovan\u00fdmi.<br \/>\nNarativn\u00ed psychologie zdrav\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik \u00farovn\u00ed (osobn\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed), kter\u00e9 mohou vysv\u011btlit rozd\u00edly ve zdrav\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy pacient\u016f a jejich form\u00e1ln\u00edch a neform\u00e1ln\u00edch pe\u010dovatel\u016f jsou zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 v medic\u00edn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxe a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nP\u00e9\u010de o pe\u010dovatele:<\/strong> V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci a profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 v praxi se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o to, jak lze pe\u010dovatele podpo\u0159it. Hodnot\u00edc\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 lze shrnout do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch typ\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdcvik<\/em> &#8211; zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a demenci, jejich st\u00e1di\u00edch a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed opora<\/em> &#8211; poskytovan\u00e1 vrstevn\u00edky v podp\u016frn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch nebo on-line; a pomoc\u00ed rodiny a p\u0159\u00e1tel;<\/li>\n<li><em>Oddech<\/em> &#8211; soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nebo organizace mohou poskytnout oddech od p\u00e9\u010de pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fanavy z p\u00e9\u010de;<\/li>\n<li><em>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00ed zdrav\u00ed pe\u010dovatele<\/em>, jako je fyzick\u00e1 aktivita, cvi\u010den\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stresu a aktivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 <em>h\u00e1jit strategie podporuj\u00edc\u00ed<\/em> neform\u00e1ln\u00ed pe\u010dovatele, pacienty a jejich rodiny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00edstn\u00ed pobo\u010dka Alzheimerova sdru\u017een\u00ed ve\u00a0st\u00e1t\u011b Massachusetts, sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed rodiny pe\u010dovatel\u016f a zdravotnick\u00e9 profesion\u00e1ly, iniciovala p\u0159\u00edpravu legislativn\u00edho ustanoven\u00ed (\u201eMassachussetts Legislature\u201c), kter\u00e9 bylo ned\u00e1vno schv\u00e1leno v\u00a0podob\u011b z\u00e1kona <u>\u201ethe Mass<\/u> <u>Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia Act\u201c.<\/u> Tato legislativa podporuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poskytovatel\u016f zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de za \u00fa\u010delem diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o pacienty s demenc\u00ed a jejich rodiny; poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch informac\u00ed o diagn\u00f3ze a \/p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b\/ zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed akutn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a ochrany p\u0159ed zneu\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Praxe v\u00a0narativn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/u><\/strong><u> :<\/u>Tato praxe je zam\u011b\u0159ena na \u010dlov\u011bka, je dialogick\u00e1, zakotven\u00e1 v kulturn\u00edm a struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm kontextu, ve kter\u00e9m prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de. <u>Narativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/u> pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pe\u010dovatel\u016fm ve tvorb\u011b jejich vlastn\u00edch v\u00fdznam\u016f a tak\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u016fstu jejich \u201cnarativn\u00ed kompetence\u201d &#8211; naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed a nalad\u011bn\u00ed se na p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a zku\u0161enosti osoby, o kterou pe\u010duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z metaanal\u00fdzy intervenc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na podporu well-being pe\u010dovatel\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee jsou tyto intervence nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tehdy, kdy\u017e zahrnuj\u00ed jak pe\u010dovatele, tak i pacienty.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f program\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00e9 jsou zavedeny v pe\u010dovatelsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (nap\u0159. pr\u00e1ce s \u017eivotn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem a pr\u00e1ce se vzpom\u00ednkami). A\u010dkoliv se v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich zam\u011b\u0159uje na seniory, n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast na tr\u00e9ninku spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f cel\u00fdch rodin, v\u010detn\u011b pe\u010dovatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro pe\u010dovatele nam\u00e1hav\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost, jen\u017e je pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na skrze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy utkan\u00fdch ze smutku a \u00fanavy, ale kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed k prohlouben\u00ed vztah\u016f s milovan\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Objevit sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o p\u00e9\u010di m\u016f\u017ee pe\u010dovatel\u016fm pomoci naj\u00edt jejich nov\u00fd<u> smysl a \u00fa\u010del.<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Z pohledu narativn\u00ed praxe nab\u00edz\u00edme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, jejich\u017e zaveden\u00ed do ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de by pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 mohli zv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Povzbuzujte (neform\u00e1ln\u011b) pe\u010dovatele, aby se pod\u011blili o sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o p\u00e9\u010di a zm\u011bn\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>vztahu se sv\u00fdm milovan\u00fdm. Pokl\u00e1dejte\u00a0 otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (&#8220;\u0159ekn\u011bte mi o dob\u011b, kdy\u017e &#8230; &#8220;) a naslouchejte s empati\u00ed. Povzbuzujte pe\u010dovatele, aby mluvili s p\u0159\u00e1teli nebo aby se p\u0159ipojili do peer podp\u016frn\u00fdch skupin, v nich\u017e se sd\u00edlej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Povzbuzujte pe\u010dovatele, aby se v\u011bnovali psan\u00ed den\u00edku, \u010detli a zam\u00fd\u0161leli se nad literaturou a poezi\u00ed. Uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nad t\u011bmito p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 ud\u011bluj\u00ed smysl ud\u00e1lostem ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee prosp\u00edvat jejich zdrav\u00ed <u>v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch ohledech<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Uv\u011bdomte si, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f jsou rela\u010dn\u00ed a navrhn\u011bte, aby pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>osoby, o kter\u00e9 pe\u010duj\u00ed, a na kter\u00fdch jim z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b v\u011bnovali \u010das diskusi o jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti. Poskytn\u011bte pe\u010dovatel\u016fm n\u00e1vrhy, jak vyvolat a propojit vzpom\u00ednky s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o \u010dlov\u011bka (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i pohledu na star\u00e9 fotografie, objekty, kter\u00e9 zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch krabi\u010dek a kol\u00e1\u017e\u00ed).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Praxe vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f vy\u017eaduje \u010das, a ne v\u0161ichni pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou souzn\u00edt. M\u011blo by se proto o p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch diskutovat citliv\u011b a pozorn\u011b. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed rozmanit\u00e9 emoce, mohou se realizovat i b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch terapi\u00ed\/ sezen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eklad: Denisa Z\u00e1bransk\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Irina Todorova, Health Psychology Research Center in Sofia, Bulgaria Taking care of aging loved ones, who are perhaps in frail health, can be a complicated and confusing experience that is both gratifying and frustrating. Medical science is helping people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-support"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4791,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/4791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}