{"id":1192,"date":"2019-01-14T12:59:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T12:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/?p=1192"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:30:04","slug":"positive-psychology-interventions-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/2019\/01\/positive-psychology-interventions-at-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Pozitivn\u00ed psychologick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Alexandr Michel, Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastav pro pracovn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost, N\u011bmecko a Annekatrin Hoppe<sup>, <\/sup>Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, N\u011bmecko<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho bd\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dasu tr\u00e1v\u00ed lid\u00e9 v pr\u00e1ci. Nen\u00ed tedy p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f \u00a0a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f (nap\u0159. autonomie, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora, self-efficacy) v pr\u00e1ci jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 k podpo\u0159e rovnov\u00e1hy mezi pracovn\u00edm a soukrom\u00fdm \u017eivotem, well-being a zdrav\u00edm. V posledn\u00edch letech jsou zkoum\u00e1ny nejen zp\u016fsoby, jak odstranit negativn\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed pracovn\u00edho stresu, ale i jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti zlep\u0161en\u00ed well-being u pracuj\u00edc\u00edch. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaveden\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch psychologick\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti je novou cestou psychologie zdrav\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti pr\u00e1ce. Pozitivn\u00ed psychologick\u00e9 intervence se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na budov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f a prevenci jejich ztr\u00e1ty. Tak\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed \u00a0aktivity, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl rozv\u00edjet pozitivn\u00ed pocity, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a my\u0161len\u00ed. V tomto blogu zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme t\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 mohou zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm napomoci k budov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a podpo\u0159e well-being v pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong><em> Jak mohu vid\u011bt, za\u017e\u00edvat a v\u00edce oce\u0148ovat pozitivn\u00ed aspekty sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce? <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kognitivn\u00ed strategie, jako je praktick\u00e9 optimistick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a oce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci, mohou zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm pomoci c\u00edtit se l\u00e9pe d\u00edky vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch emoc\u00ed. V na\u0161\u00ed interven\u010dn\u00ed studii jsme po\u017e\u00e1dali osoby, kter\u00e9 o n\u011bkoho pe\u010dovaly (d\u00e1le: pe\u010dovatele), aby p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lely o n\u011bjak\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed a smyslupln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, kterou za\u017eily v pr\u00e1ci. Mohla to b\u00fdt nap\u0159. pozitivn\u00ed interakce s pacientem, p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd rozhovor s kolegou nebo \u00fasp\u011bch l\u00e9\u010dby. Pot\u00e9 jsme po\u017e\u00e1dali pe\u010dovatele o zreflektov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to pozitivn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, a o to, aby si sv\u016fj pozitivn\u00ed pro\u017eitek vychutnali. Toto p\u011btiminutov\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed se zvukov\u00fdm doprovodem\/podkresem bylo opakov\u00e1no po dobu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch deseti pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f. Po interven\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed m\u011bli pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 v interven\u010dn\u00ed skupin\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladinu \u00fanavy a emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 v kontroln\u00ed skupin\u011b. Aktivity pozitivn\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed byly u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro pe\u010dovatele s vysokou pot\u0159ebou regenerace, kte\u0159\u00ed poci\u0165ovali m\u00e1lo energie.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong><em> Jak mohu z\u00edskat novou energii b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce? P\u0159\u00ednos p\u0159est\u00e1vek na odpo\u010dinek <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed po\u017eadavky mohou odv\u00e1d\u011bt energii zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a v\u00e9st k n\u00edzk\u00e9mu pracovn\u00edmu nasazen\u00ed, pocit\u016fm vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fanavy. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm do\u010dasn\u011b odv\u00e9st svou pozornost od pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f a p\u0159isp\u011bt k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed si nov\u00e9 energie. Vyvinuli jsme dv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 odpo\u010dinkov\u00e9 aktivity: simulovan\u00e9 vychutn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody (nap\u0159. poslouch\u00e1n\u00ed zvuk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody, jako je zp\u011bv pt\u00e1k\u016f nebo vln) a progresivn\u00ed svalovou relaxaci. Jako \u201cmikrointervenci\u201d, kterou lze vykon\u00e1vat na pracovi\u0161ti, klasifikujeme takovou kr\u00e1tkou p\u0159est\u00e1vku, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnanec odv\u00e9st svou pozornost od pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f a odpo\u010dinout si tak od pr\u00e1ce. V na\u0161\u00ed studii byli zam\u011bstnanci n\u00e1hodn\u011b roz\u0159azeni bu\u010f do skupiny \u201evychutn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody\u201c nebo do skupiny s \u201eprogresivn\u00ed svalovou relaxac\u00ed\u201c. V\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u011b z t\u011bchto kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch p\u0159est\u00e1vek, jednodu\u0161e vlo\u017een\u00fdch do pracovn\u00edho dne, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed vitalitu a sni\u017euj\u00ed \u00fanavu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu deseti pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><em> Jak mohu vypnout od pr\u00e1ce a naj\u00edt zdravou rovnov\u00e1hu mezi pracovn\u00edm a soukrom\u00fdm \u017eivotem? <\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou emocion\u00e1ln\u011b zaanga\u017eov\u00e1ni do probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0prac\u00ed, a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o nich i b\u011bhem voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu, maj\u00ed \u010dasto obt\u00ed\u017ee ment\u00e1ln\u011b se od pr\u00e1ce odpojit a vypnout. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0naru\u0161en\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mezi pracovn\u00edm a soukrom\u00fdm \u017eivotem. Podle teorie hranic jsme navrhli intervenci, kter\u00e1 zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ij\u00edt na jejich individu\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak sjednotit (integrovat) a\/nebo odd\u011blit od sebe ob\u011b \u017eivotn\u00ed oblasti. Na\u0161e online intervence u\u010d\u00ed mindfulness jako kognitivn\u011b-emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed separa\u010dn\u00ed strategii. Mindfulness se popisuje jako stav neposuzuj\u00edc\u00edho uv\u011bdomov\u00e1n\u00ed si p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku. V na\u0161\u00ed intervenci si zam\u011bstnanci zrekapitulovali sv\u00e9 segmenta\u010dn\u00ed strategie (t.j. strategie, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je udr\u017eet pracovn\u00ed a soukrom\u00fd \u017eivot odd\u011blen\u011b) a nau\u010dili se cvi\u010den\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011bl\u00e9ho d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim pomohlo soust\u0159edit se na sou\u010dasnou chv\u00edli a nechat odej\u00edt ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed my\u0161lenky a pocity spojen\u00e9 s prac\u00ed. To umo\u017enilo zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm zam\u011b\u0159it se na aktivity v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed oblasti (nap\u0159. hran\u00ed si s d\u011btmi doma) a zapomenout na starosti nebo obavy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s prac\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky na\u0161\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kontroln\u00ed skupinou za\u017e\u00edvali zam\u011bstnanci v interven\u010dn\u00ed skupin\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a negativn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f konflikt\u016f mezi rodinou a prac\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pro\u017e\u00edvali v\u00edce odpout\u00e1n\u00ed od pr\u00e1ce a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spokojenost s rovnov\u00e1hou mezi pracovn\u00edm a soukrom\u00fdm \u017eivotem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Intervence, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed pozitivn\u00edho reflektov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, odpoledn\u00edch p\u0159est\u00e1vek a odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed (segmentov\u00e1n\u00ed) r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u017eivota pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm budovat zdroje a zv\u00fd\u0161it well-being. Pro organizace a zam\u011bstnance vid\u00edme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed benefity: Navr\u017een\u00e9 interven\u010dn\u00ed aktivity mohou b\u00fdt lehce za\u010dlen\u011bny do pracovn\u00edho dne b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch p\u0159est\u00e1vek, nebo mohou b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny ve voln\u00e9m \u010dase ve\u010der. Mohou b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1ny nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi profesemi a mohou b\u00fdt zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm online platforem, mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed nebo v\u00a0pap\u00edrov\u00e9 podob\u011b. Organizace a zam\u011bstnanci by m\u011bli m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee z t\u011bchto intervenc\u00ed maj\u00ed u\u017eitek p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ti pracovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1daj\u00ed nap\u0159. v\u00a0d\u016fsledku vysok\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee a pln\u011bn\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Dlouhodob\u00e9 dopady intervenc\u00ed zat\u00edm nejsou zn\u00e1my. Je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee tyto individu\u00e1ln\u00ed intervence nemaj\u00ed nahradit komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed snahy o podporu zdrav\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti (nap\u0159. sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, teambuildingov\u00e9 workshopy, \u0161kolen\u00ed vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl celostn\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte b\u011bhem ob\u011bdov\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky nebo po skon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o n\u011b\u010dem, co v\u00e1m v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci dob\u0159e \u0161lo. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd rozhovor s kolegy, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 prezentace, \u00fakol, kter\u00fd jste si u\u017eili apod.<\/li>\n<li>Napl\u00e1nujte si b\u011bhem pracovn\u00edho dne kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky k odpojen\u00ed se od pr\u00e1ce a k\u00a0dobit\u00ed energie. Vyu\u017eijte p\u0159est\u00e1vky k relaxaci, meditov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo k proch\u00e1zce.<\/li>\n<li>Pokuste se od pr\u00e1ce vypnout. Mal\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u011bl\u00e9ho d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci soust\u0159edit se na moment\u00e1ln\u00ed pro\u017eitky a nechat odej\u00edt ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed my\u0161lenky a emoce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159eklad: Denisa Z\u00e1bransk\u00e1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Alexandra Michel, Federal Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, Germany and Annekatrin Hoppe, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Germany Employees spend a major part of their waking time at work. It is no surprise then that reducing demands and increasing resources (e.g., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interventions"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","id","my","bg","zh","hr","cz","da","de","es","fr","gr","he","it","ja","kr","lv","lt","hu","nl","no","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","fi","sv","tr","uk"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"my":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"he":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1192"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4617,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1192\/revisions\/4617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/practicalhealthpsychology.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}